1. Pembunuh Mayjend John Sedgwick pada Perang Sipil di AS
Pertempuran paling berdarah di AS ini ternyata melahirkan sebuah sejarah sniper dunia, ketika seorang Jenderal karismatik dari Utara yang bernama John Sedgwick tewas diterkam timah panas oleh seorang pasukan Konfederasi dari jarak yang sangat jauh pada waktu itu yaitu, sekitar 1,000 yards (910 m) dalam sebuah pertempuran yang disebut Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Pada 9 Mei 1864.
2. Pembunuh Jenderal Johan Harmen Rudolf Köhler Pada Masa Perang Aceh I
Perang Aceh I yang dipimpin oleh Jenderal Kohler sebenarnya cukup sukses dengan berhasil mencaplok Mesjid kebanggaan rakyat Aceh, yaitu Masjid Raya Baiturrahman. Namun pada tanggal 14 April 1873 ketika sang jenderal sedang menginspeksi di areal mesjid tersebut, tiba-tiba seorang penembak bangsa Aceh dalam posisi merunduk melepaskan tembakan dari jarak 100 meter dan mengenai jantung sang jenderal. Beberapa saat kemudian sang jenderal itu tewas. Peristiwa tersebut tentu mengejutkan para pasukan kompeni ini dan akhirnya sang pahlawan si pembunuh jenderal itu gugur diberondong peluru oleh pasukan kompeni.
3. Simo Häyä
Mungkin inilah sniper yang paling terkenal di dunia karena membukukan rekor kill hit yang paling tinggi, yaitu membunuh lebih dari 500 pasukan Rusia dalam periode Winter War tahun 1939-1940. Julukan bagi si Simo Häyä ini adalah "White Dead" karena tentara Finlandia ini selalu menggunakan baju berwarna putih sebagai kamuflase karena medan pertempurannya di area bersalju. Yang sungguh luar biasa adalah Simo Häyä hanya menggunakan senjata bold action standar tanpa menggunakan teleskop, cukup dengan iron sight ato pisir besi biasa! Bagi Simo, penggunaan teleskop pada area bersalju justru akan merugikan karena akan memantulkan cahaya dan persembunyian si sniper akan mudah diketahui.
4. Lyudmila Pavlichenko
Kalo soal emansipasi wanita, AS harusnya banyak belajar dari seteru abadinya, Rusia. Ketika wanita AS masih berkutat pada hal-hal dapur dan sejenisnya, wanita Rusia sudah punya pahlawan. Lyudmila Pavlichenko adalah salah satu dari sekian tentara merah wanita Rusia yang bertempur pada era perang dunia kedua. Yang membuat dia sangat luar biasa adalah kemampuan menembaknya sangat luar biasa, dimana pada masa itu Lyudmila membukukan kill hit sebanyak 309 jiwa, termasuk 36 sniper musuh! Namun sayang, dia terkena serangan mortar dan harus ditarik dari medan pertempuran.
Pada masa pemulihan luka itu, Lyudmila berkunjung ke negara AS dan Kanada dalam rangka propaganda Uni Soviet. Dia pun bertemu dengan Franklin D. Roosevelt di White House dan menjadi warga Rusia yang pertama kali bertemu presiden AS di White House. Setelah sembuh pun Lyudmila tidak diterjunkan di medan pertempuran lagi, hanya dijadikan instruktur untuk sekolah sniper, hingga perang usai. Ia dianugrahi medali Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union dan wajahnya dijadikan stampel prangko.
5. Vasily Zaytsev
Pernah nonton film yang dibintangi oleh Jude Law yang berjudul 'Enemy At The Gates'? Film ini mengangkat kisah seorang Sniper Top pasukan Uni Soviet yang bernama Vasily Zaytsev. Vasily dianggap sebagai sniper paling berbahaya bukan karena jumlah kill hit (149 kills, 400 yang belum bisa dikonfirmasi), tapi karena duel mautnya dengan sniper top dari Jerman, yaitu Heinz Thorvald. Duel antar sniper ini kerap kali terjadi di Stalingrad, dimana para sniper ini kerap harus berpindah tempat dari puing satu ke puing yang lain dan kadang harus menggali agar tidak diketahui musuh, yang sangat dikenal dengan sebutan perang tikus (War of the Rats).
Kisah kejayaan Vasily yang dipropagandakan Rusia tentu memaksa Jerman mengirimkan sniper terbaiknya, Heinz Thorvald, untuk menghabisi Vasily. Jerman pun membalas propaganda tersebut dengan propaganda serupa, maka tersiarlah kabar bakal ada pertarungan antar dua sniper tangguh. Mereka pun akhirnya bertemu dan bertempur yang akhirnya dimenangkan oleh Vasily.
6. Francis Pegahmagabow
Pegahmagabow adalah salah satu sniper hebat yang dimiliki oleh Kanada. Pada perang dunia 1, Pegahmagabow yang keturunan aborigin ini mencatatkan kill hit sebanyak 378 kills dan dianggap sebagai salah satu sniper yang paling berbahaya pada masa perang dunia 1.
7.Chuck Mawhinney
Pada perang Vietnam, ada dua nama sniper AS yang sangat terkenal, yaitu Carlos Hathcock dan Chuck Mawhinney. Nama Chuck mungkin tidak seterkenal Carlos Hathcock yang mampu membunuh seorang jenderal Vietnam Utara, tapi bila dilihat dari jumlah kill hit yang dikumpulkan Hathcock harus angkat topi kepada Mawhinney dengan membukukan rekor 103 kills, sedangkan Hathcock hanya membukukan 93 kills. Namun demikian, si Mawhinney tidak ingin terlalu mengekspose hal tersebut dan lebih memilih hidup tenang dan melupkan semua kenangan tentang Vietnam.
Ini gambar senapan yang dipakai oleh Mawhinney dalam Perang Vietnam
8. Carlos Hathcock
Kehebatan dan bakat alamnya sangat mengagumkan. Biasanya bila seorang sniper selalu ditemani oleh satu orang spotter yang bertugas sebagai asisten dan pengukur jarak tembak bagi sniper. Namun Hathcock mampu bekerja sendirian ketika mendapat tugas untuk membunuh seorang jenderal Vietnam Utara sendirian di sarang musuh!
Selain itu, Hathcock mempelopori penggunaan senapan kaliber 0.5 inchi sebagai senjata sniper jarak jauh. Yaitu dengan memodifikasi .50-caliber M2 Browning Machine Gun sebagai senjata sniper dengan menempatkan teleskop di atasnya, dan memecahkan rekor menembak mati seorang vietkong sejauh 2.500 yards ato sekitar 2.275 meter! Dari sinilah muncul pemikiran untuk melahirkan senapan kelas berat (heavy sniper rifle) untuk jarak yang sangat jauh maupun untuk menembak obyek berat seperti ranpur (kendaraan tempur).
Jadi bisa dikatakan nama Hathcock sangat melegenda diantara para sniper dunia.
9. Rob Furlong
Berpuluh2 tahun rekor menembak jauh Hathcock tidak tergoyahkan, akhirnya rekor lama ini dipecahkan oleh seorang Sniper dari Kanada, Rob Furlong, ketika dia dan bersama rekannya di medan ganas Afghanistan pada operasi berjuluk Anaconda pada tahun 2000. Tepatnya di lembah Shah-i-Kot, Furlong berhasil merubuhkan seorang pengamat mortir Al-Qaeda dari jarak yang sangat jauh, yaitu 2.430 meter (2.657 yd / 1.509 miles)!
thanks.....
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Old 09-03-2009, 01:11 AM
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Yang ini kok Telescopenya kecil banget ya? Pake itu aja hebat,... gimana kalo pakai yang besar.
btw... Sniper Wolf & The End gak masuk ya?
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Old 09-03-2009, 02:04 AM
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Simo yahya masi blom ada yang ngalahin..........The White Dead is the best...hahaha
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Old 09-03-2009, 08:25 AM
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Simo Häyä is the best, senajata yg ga canggih2 amat.. pendidikan militer yg singkat...
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Old 09-03-2009, 10:52 AM
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Quote:
Originally Posted by Heirtana View Post
Yang ini kok Telescopenya kecil banget ya? Pake itu aja hebat,... gimana kalo pakai yang besar.
btw... Sniper Wolf & The End gak masuk ya?
Jumat, 20 November 2009
Sniper modern
Modern sniper rifles
last updated: 26 jan 2001
The main purpose of the sniper rifle is to destroy valuable targets at extended ranges with aimed fire, and with as few ammunition as possible. In most cases, "the target" means the human being (enemy soldier, armed criminal, terrorist, president etc.), and the "as few ammunition as possible" often means "one shot". The range for sniper fire may vary from 100 meters or even less in police/counter-terror scenarios, or up to 1 kilometer or more - in military or special operations scenarios.
Some sniper rifles, mostly - large caliber ones, used also as anti-material weapons, to destroy, or, more often, render unusable or unoperable, targets such as radar cabins, jeeps, parked aircrafts etc.
History of sharp-shooting traces its ancestry well back into XIX or even into XVIII centuries. Early sniper rifles were standart issue army rifles, selected for accuracy, or privately purchased commercial target or hunting rifles. During WW I and WW II both sides used a lot of general issue bolt action rifles (such a Russian/Soviet Mosin M1991/30, US M1903A4, British SMLE No.4(t), German G98k etc.) fitted with some kind of telescopic sight. Some of general issued semi-auto rifles also were used in sniper role, such as Soviet SVT-40 and US M1 Garand.
bolt action rifle topped with powerful scope for long-range shots The practice of developing the military sniper rifles from standart issue firearms is still used in many countries. Ususally, manufacturer or special military unit select some rifles for their better-than-average accuracy, then adopt these rifles for sniper role (i.e. convert them from select-fire into semi-autos, add ajustable stocks, bipods, scope mounts etc.). Many of military sniper rifles, discontinued in service or currently in use, such as US M21, German G3-ZF and G3-SG/1, were made that way.
Some sniper weapons were made for marksmen use from the scratch, because the clients wanted some special characteristics, that were unavailable in any service or commercial weapons. One such example - Soviet SVD Dragunov rifle. It was designed on Soviet Army request as a lightweight, powerful and reliable semi-auto rifle, and remains in service for almost 40 years.
But wast majority of sniper rifles, especially - police ones, were designed on existing commercially available hunting or sporting rifles. The best examples - the US military sniper rifles M24 and M40, along with many custom police rifles, were (and still are) built on Remington 700 actions, available for general public in many hunting and target rifles. Famous SIG-Sauer sniper ifles also buil on their (SIG or Sauer) hunting rifles. Some sniper rifles, mostly also police ones, designed on target/sporting rifles. To name few: Blaser R93 Tactical (Germany), Sv-98 and MC-116 (Russia).
In general, all sniper rifles may be rougly separated into 3 major categories: Miltary sniper rifles, Police/Law Enforcement tactical/sniper rifles, and Special purpose sniper rifles.
Military sniper with it's gear and camo suit Military sniper rifles used by different military units. Along with main requirements for accuracy and sufficient effective range, military use commands some other: military sniper rifle must not be too heavy, because sniper usually must carry it for the long hours, with ammunition and other stuff. Also, military sniper rifle must be extremely reliable in any weather and climatic conditions and could withstand hundreds of rounds fired without cleaning and maintenance and without any loss of accuracy. Third, military sniper rifle must be easy to fieldstrip and easy to repair in field conditions. Also, military sniper rifle often must have backup iron sights, in case of telescope breackage.
Another requrement is that military sniper rifle must use military ammunition, conforming to international war threaties and generally available to the troops. In most cases, military sniper rifle use variants of the standart caliber army cartridges (such as 7.62mm NATO or 7.62x54mm R), specially developed for sniping.
Effective range for the standart-caliber sniper rifles against the single human-sized target may be estimated as 700-800 meters for first-shot kills. To extend effective range beyond 1000 meters, often used sniper rifles, designed to fire more powerful ammunition, such as .300 Winchester magnum (7.62x67mm) or .338 Lapua magnum (8.6x70mm).
Military sniper rifles may be further separated in two tactically diffrent categories: the sniper rifles itself, designed to achieve aimed hits at long distances, and the Designated Marksman Rifles (DMR), designed to provide accurate fire support for line troops. While the "true" sniper rifles usually are bolt action ones, to achieve maximum accuracy, the DMRs usually are semi-autos, such as Russian SVD or German G3ZF or MSG-90, to gain higher rate of fire. But the difference lays more in tactical applianses, than in the rifles itself.
Police / Law Enforcement (LE) sniper rifles are somewhat another kind of tools. If in most military/war scenarios wounded enemy is equivalent to killed enemy, or even better, in LE and counter-terror (CT) scenarios wounded criminal or terrorist may lead to many innocent wictims. Sometimes, the LE or CT sniper must not only kill the terrorist, but hit the particular part of the body - head, or hand, holding the gun, etc. So, in general, LE and CT sniper rifles require more accuracy, but at shorter distances. The majority of LE or CT scenarios require precision shooting at the distances lesser that 300, or even 100 meters. These scenarios also require really few shots per scenario - sometimes one and the only one shot. This also require extreme accuracy and stability of results in any weather conditions. LE and CT snipers also has no limitations on caliber and ammunition selection, so they could select almost any caliber/cartridge they department want, or can afford.
Usually, LE/CT sniper rifles had completely ajustable stocks to suit snipers of different statute, sometimes they got half-of-dozen ajustable screws. This is absolutely unsuitable for military sniper rifles, but for LE sniper rifles, which are usually carried to the point of action in special cases, this is OK.
Many USA made LE sniper rifles are built on the hunting "varmint" rifles. Varmint rifles are small or medium caliber hunting rifles, designed to kill small pests, such as squirrels, rabbits etc., at extended distances. Some LE sniper rifles, such as Remington 700 Police, are simply Remington 700VS varmint hunting rifle barreled actions, bedded into sniper-style stocks.
In Europe, some sniper rifles built on sniper rifles (such as Mauser 66, SIG-Sauer SSG2000, Blaser R93 Tactical), and some built on hunting rifles (such as Steyr Scout Tactical). LE/CT sniper rifles use many kinds of ammunition, from .22LR for training and short-range sniping, to .308 Win, 6.5x55mm, .300 Win magnum etc.
Special Purpose sniper rifles may be, in turn, splitted into 2 sub-categories:
Large-caliber rifles for ulra-long range sniping and ani-material use, and silenced rifles for covert operations.
Large caiber sniper rifles usually built to use heavy machineguns ammunition, such as .50BMG (12.7x99mm) or 12.7x108mm. Effective range of such rifles is up to 1500 meters and above, depending on size of target and quality of the ammunition. General purpose machinegun ammo usually produced not-too-good accuracy, but recently some special "sniper" rounds developed in .50BMG caliber.
Silenced sniper rifles usually are used with special sub-sonic ammunition and removable or integral silencers to produce lower sound report. Sub-sonic ammo decreases effective range down to 300-400 meters, but it's worth. With the correct ammo and silencer, the sound of the gunshot could be easily mised completely at the distances of 100-200 meters at night, or even at 30-50 meters - in daily urban noize.
Sniper rifle Accuracy
The most common way of describing the accuracy of the sniper rifle is to measure average diameter of the circle, that may be drawn arount the group of bullet holes in the target. Usually, the rifle is fired from the rest with groups of the 5 (or 3) rounds, and then every group is measured. Average group diameter is the most common criteria of rifle accuracy.
Today, the thin line between "good" and "poor" accuracy is usually laid in 1MOA group. 1 MOA (Minute Of Angle) is measure of the angle, that formed with the triangle with muzzle as the top and the group as the base. 1 MOA is roughly equivalent to 1 inch group diameter at 100 yards (91 meter), or to 2 inches at 200 yards etc. So, if you read that rifle XXXX shooths 1MOA groups, it means that at 300 yards this rifle could place 5 or so bullets in circle of no more than 3 inches in diameter. Many modern sniper rifles, when loaded with right ammunition, could shoot 0.5MOA, or even 0.3MOA, which mean 1 inch groups at 300 yards, or 2 inch (50 millimeters!) groups at 600 yards (550 meters).
last updated: 26 jan 2001
The main purpose of the sniper rifle is to destroy valuable targets at extended ranges with aimed fire, and with as few ammunition as possible. In most cases, "the target" means the human being (enemy soldier, armed criminal, terrorist, president etc.), and the "as few ammunition as possible" often means "one shot". The range for sniper fire may vary from 100 meters or even less in police/counter-terror scenarios, or up to 1 kilometer or more - in military or special operations scenarios.
Some sniper rifles, mostly - large caliber ones, used also as anti-material weapons, to destroy, or, more often, render unusable or unoperable, targets such as radar cabins, jeeps, parked aircrafts etc.
History of sharp-shooting traces its ancestry well back into XIX or even into XVIII centuries. Early sniper rifles were standart issue army rifles, selected for accuracy, or privately purchased commercial target or hunting rifles. During WW I and WW II both sides used a lot of general issue bolt action rifles (such a Russian/Soviet Mosin M1991/30, US M1903A4, British SMLE No.4(t), German G98k etc.) fitted with some kind of telescopic sight. Some of general issued semi-auto rifles also were used in sniper role, such as Soviet SVT-40 and US M1 Garand.
bolt action rifle topped with powerful scope for long-range shots The practice of developing the military sniper rifles from standart issue firearms is still used in many countries. Ususally, manufacturer or special military unit select some rifles for their better-than-average accuracy, then adopt these rifles for sniper role (i.e. convert them from select-fire into semi-autos, add ajustable stocks, bipods, scope mounts etc.). Many of military sniper rifles, discontinued in service or currently in use, such as US M21, German G3-ZF and G3-SG/1, were made that way.
Some sniper weapons were made for marksmen use from the scratch, because the clients wanted some special characteristics, that were unavailable in any service or commercial weapons. One such example - Soviet SVD Dragunov rifle. It was designed on Soviet Army request as a lightweight, powerful and reliable semi-auto rifle, and remains in service for almost 40 years.
But wast majority of sniper rifles, especially - police ones, were designed on existing commercially available hunting or sporting rifles. The best examples - the US military sniper rifles M24 and M40, along with many custom police rifles, were (and still are) built on Remington 700 actions, available for general public in many hunting and target rifles. Famous SIG-Sauer sniper ifles also buil on their (SIG or Sauer) hunting rifles. Some sniper rifles, mostly also police ones, designed on target/sporting rifles. To name few: Blaser R93 Tactical (Germany), Sv-98 and MC-116 (Russia).
In general, all sniper rifles may be rougly separated into 3 major categories: Miltary sniper rifles, Police/Law Enforcement tactical/sniper rifles, and Special purpose sniper rifles.
Military sniper with it's gear and camo suit Military sniper rifles used by different military units. Along with main requirements for accuracy and sufficient effective range, military use commands some other: military sniper rifle must not be too heavy, because sniper usually must carry it for the long hours, with ammunition and other stuff. Also, military sniper rifle must be extremely reliable in any weather and climatic conditions and could withstand hundreds of rounds fired without cleaning and maintenance and without any loss of accuracy. Third, military sniper rifle must be easy to fieldstrip and easy to repair in field conditions. Also, military sniper rifle often must have backup iron sights, in case of telescope breackage.
Another requrement is that military sniper rifle must use military ammunition, conforming to international war threaties and generally available to the troops. In most cases, military sniper rifle use variants of the standart caliber army cartridges (such as 7.62mm NATO or 7.62x54mm R), specially developed for sniping.
Effective range for the standart-caliber sniper rifles against the single human-sized target may be estimated as 700-800 meters for first-shot kills. To extend effective range beyond 1000 meters, often used sniper rifles, designed to fire more powerful ammunition, such as .300 Winchester magnum (7.62x67mm) or .338 Lapua magnum (8.6x70mm).
Military sniper rifles may be further separated in two tactically diffrent categories: the sniper rifles itself, designed to achieve aimed hits at long distances, and the Designated Marksman Rifles (DMR), designed to provide accurate fire support for line troops. While the "true" sniper rifles usually are bolt action ones, to achieve maximum accuracy, the DMRs usually are semi-autos, such as Russian SVD or German G3ZF or MSG-90, to gain higher rate of fire. But the difference lays more in tactical applianses, than in the rifles itself.
Police / Law Enforcement (LE) sniper rifles are somewhat another kind of tools. If in most military/war scenarios wounded enemy is equivalent to killed enemy, or even better, in LE and counter-terror (CT) scenarios wounded criminal or terrorist may lead to many innocent wictims. Sometimes, the LE or CT sniper must not only kill the terrorist, but hit the particular part of the body - head, or hand, holding the gun, etc. So, in general, LE and CT sniper rifles require more accuracy, but at shorter distances. The majority of LE or CT scenarios require precision shooting at the distances lesser that 300, or even 100 meters. These scenarios also require really few shots per scenario - sometimes one and the only one shot. This also require extreme accuracy and stability of results in any weather conditions. LE and CT snipers also has no limitations on caliber and ammunition selection, so they could select almost any caliber/cartridge they department want, or can afford.
Usually, LE/CT sniper rifles had completely ajustable stocks to suit snipers of different statute, sometimes they got half-of-dozen ajustable screws. This is absolutely unsuitable for military sniper rifles, but for LE sniper rifles, which are usually carried to the point of action in special cases, this is OK.
Many USA made LE sniper rifles are built on the hunting "varmint" rifles. Varmint rifles are small or medium caliber hunting rifles, designed to kill small pests, such as squirrels, rabbits etc., at extended distances. Some LE sniper rifles, such as Remington 700 Police, are simply Remington 700VS varmint hunting rifle barreled actions, bedded into sniper-style stocks.
In Europe, some sniper rifles built on sniper rifles (such as Mauser 66, SIG-Sauer SSG2000, Blaser R93 Tactical), and some built on hunting rifles (such as Steyr Scout Tactical). LE/CT sniper rifles use many kinds of ammunition, from .22LR for training and short-range sniping, to .308 Win, 6.5x55mm, .300 Win magnum etc.
Special Purpose sniper rifles may be, in turn, splitted into 2 sub-categories:
Large-caliber rifles for ulra-long range sniping and ani-material use, and silenced rifles for covert operations.
Large caiber sniper rifles usually built to use heavy machineguns ammunition, such as .50BMG (12.7x99mm) or 12.7x108mm. Effective range of such rifles is up to 1500 meters and above, depending on size of target and quality of the ammunition. General purpose machinegun ammo usually produced not-too-good accuracy, but recently some special "sniper" rounds developed in .50BMG caliber.
Silenced sniper rifles usually are used with special sub-sonic ammunition and removable or integral silencers to produce lower sound report. Sub-sonic ammo decreases effective range down to 300-400 meters, but it's worth. With the correct ammo and silencer, the sound of the gunshot could be easily mised completely at the distances of 100-200 meters at night, or even at 30-50 meters - in daily urban noize.
Sniper rifle Accuracy
The most common way of describing the accuracy of the sniper rifle is to measure average diameter of the circle, that may be drawn arount the group of bullet holes in the target. Usually, the rifle is fired from the rest with groups of the 5 (or 3) rounds, and then every group is measured. Average group diameter is the most common criteria of rifle accuracy.
Today, the thin line between "good" and "poor" accuracy is usually laid in 1MOA group. 1 MOA (Minute Of Angle) is measure of the angle, that formed with the triangle with muzzle as the top and the group as the base. 1 MOA is roughly equivalent to 1 inch group diameter at 100 yards (91 meter), or to 2 inches at 200 yards etc. So, if you read that rifle XXXX shooths 1MOA groups, it means that at 300 yards this rifle could place 5 or so bullets in circle of no more than 3 inches in diameter. Many modern sniper rifles, when loaded with right ammunition, could shoot 0.5MOA, or even 0.3MOA, which mean 1 inch groups at 300 yards, or 2 inch (50 millimeters!) groups at 600 yards (550 meters).
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